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: The findings are summarized in broader biological reviews, such as "The phenotypic costs of captivity" in Biological Reviews , which uses the Tenger-Trolander study to highlight how captive-bred individuals lose key behavioral traits.
: The study suggests that while environmental cues are important, there is a likely genetic basis or a rapid evolutionary shift occurring in captive populations that "breaks" the migratory strand in their behavioral biology. strand & tenger
The most significant "solid article" on this topic explores how captive-bred monarch butterflies lose their ability to migrate. : The findings are summarized in broader biological
: "Contemporary loss of migration in monarch butterflies" by Tenger-Trolander et al. (2019). : "Contemporary loss of migration in monarch butterflies"
You can access the full study and related reviews through the following academic platforms:
The phenotypic costs of captivity - Crates - 2023 - Biological Reviews