You taste them. Four out of five are completely tasteless.
Imagine you own a bakery that produces 1,000 muffins every morning. You want to know if they are sweet enough, but you can’t eat all 1,000—otherwise, you’d have nothing left to sell!. Statistical Inference
Statistical inference is essentially the art of making an educated "leap of faith" from the small group you see (the ) to the massive group you don't (the population ). The Story: The Baker’s Mystery Batch You taste them
Based on those 5 muffins, you "infer" that the entire batch of 1,000 is likely ruined. You aren't 100% certain—maybe you just got the only 5 bad ones—but the math (probability) tells you that’s very unlikely. Key Concepts in the Narrative Statistical Inference: The Big Picture - PMC You want to know if they are sweet