Rubia (2022) Now

: Rubia suggests that "one-size-fits-all" approaches are likely to fail. Future success depends on personalizing treatment based on a patient’s neurocognitive or brain-imaging patterns. Clinical Context

This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional. AI responses may include mistakes. Learn more Neurotherapeutics for ADHD: Do they work? - Rubia - 2022

The review concludes that while these treatments are attractive due to their compared to stimulant medication, results have been inconsistent. Rubia (2022)

The review synthesizes three decades of research, specifically focusing on the transition from identifying brain differences in ADHD through MRI to targeting those deficits with modern neurotherapeutics.

: The review evaluates several non-pharmacological treatments, including: For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional

The article is frequently cited in discussions about the limitations of current ADHD drug therapies, which often lack long-term safety evidence and may be less preferred by parents and clinicians than non-pharmacological alternatives.

: Including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Efficacy and Limitations : - Rubia - 2022 The review concludes that

: Rubia highlights that ADHD is the most-imaged child psychiatric disorder. Research consistently shows small but reliable differences in the structure and functional connections of frontal, parietotemporal, and striatal brain regions.