Protocoalele Г®nејelepејilor Sionului -

The forgery was first definitively debunked in 1921 by , a journalist for The Times (London) , who demonstrated the side-by-side plagiarism of Joly’s satire. Subsequent legal trials, such as the Berne Trial (1934–1935) in Switzerland, officially ruled the document "ridiculous nonsense" and a fabrication. Global Impact and Legacy

A fictional novel by Hermann Goedsche that included a scene of a secret meeting in a Prague cemetery. Proof of Fraud

The text was concocted by the (Russian secret police) at the turn of the 20th century. It is not an original work but a clumsy plagiarism of several earlier sources:

Despite being proven a fake, the document has had a devastating impact on modern history:

Contemporary imprints of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion

A French political satire by Maurice Joly that criticized Napoleon III and did not mention Jewish people at all.