While Thailand is often seen as a haven for transgender people, legal protections lag far behind social visibility. Without the ability to legally change their gender , many kathoey face severe discrimination in the traditional workforce.
: Studies in Cambodia show that up to 40% of transgender sex workers have experienced physical assault, and 55% have been forced into sex. ladyboys abused
: In many cases, those meant to provide protection are the perpetrators. Over one-third of physical assaults reported by kathoey in certain studies were attributed to police officers . While Thailand is often seen as a haven
A unique aspect of this vulnerability is the religious and cultural lens through which it is viewed. In Thai Buddhism, some believe that being born kathoey is the result of karmic misdeeds in a previous life , such as adultery. This can lead to a sense of fatalism, where victims may feel their abuse is an "unavoidable" part of their spiritual journey, making them less likely to seek justice or support. : In many cases, those meant to provide