Currently live as part of the Gasper consensus mechanism, Casper FFG acts as an overlay that provides .

: It introduces "slashing" conditions, where validators lose their staked ETH if they attempt to finalize conflicting blocks.

: Self-executing programs typically written in Solidity that define the business logic of an application. Casper: The Finality Engine

: It uses a two-phase commit process (justification and finality) across 32-block segments called epochs.

: Establishes agreement on the canonical chain.