: Real-world cases show the value of these tools; for example, Powertech Antivirus once discovered a ransomware file that had laid dormant for years, preventing a repeat of a devastating 2017 attack [13].
As the internet expanded, threats evolved from simple files to complex web-based attacks. Antivirus
In the early 1970s, the world's first "virus," known as Creeper , began jumping between computers on the ARPANET (the internet's precursor). It was harmless, merely displaying the message: "I'm the creeper: catch me if you can." In response, a programmer named Bob Thomas (or potentially Ray Tomlinson) created Reaper, the first antivirus, designed solely to hunt down and delete Creeper [17]. : Real-world cases show the value of these
: Early tools scanned for specific "signatures" (digital fingerprints), but modern versions now use heuristic detection to analyze suspicious behavior and catch previously unseen "zero-day" threats [5.1, 5.7]. It was harmless, merely displaying the message: "I'm
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